night flying illusions

Briefing. Night flying isn’t for everyone. It is something you should be prepared for and looking for as you approach any … It was a clear night with virtually no surface wind. For further information, see the references at the bottom of this articles under Further Reading and follow the links within the text to more detailed information. Know the illusions. As with other illusions, be aware of the potential and crosscheck what you are feeling versus what your instruments are reading prior to making any input corrections. Aircraft - General Night Flying Discussion Night flying illusions Night Flying Discussion Night flying illusions Free Shipping - Orders Over $75 (Offer Details). Night flying can be an absolute pleasure, but for many people, especially those that don't do it often, it can also be a source of anxiety. Distance When flying to any airport you have a duty to become familiar with all information relevant to the flight. A down-sloping runway or down-sloping terrain can have the opposite effect, resulting in the pilot flying a higher than normal approach. If you know what to anticipate, these sensory tricks will be less likely to catch you off guard. While in training, pilots are taught to recognize some common visual illusions encountered while flying (Nierenberg). this illusion is often experienced when a crew member observes another aircraft flying a parallel course. Note: links are to Chapter 8 in the URL I linked . Illusions at night are both common and powerful. Flicker vertigo is a type of vertigo pilots can experience at night thanks to anti-collision lights, strobe lights, cockpit lights or other aircraft lights. The light can appear to begin moving, even if it is stationary. There are several important considerations to bear in mind regardless of location, and AOPA has collected much of this important information about night flying in a handy online reference . If you’re not careful, you can also be tricked into feeling like you’re flying lower than you really are. It was a clear night with virtually no surface wind. Certain geometrical patterns of ground lights, such as a freeway, runway, approach, or even lights on a moving train can cause confusion. This is autokinesis. Another night flying illusion that can occur during takeoff is the head-up illusion. (Part 91), How to Quickly Calculate Your Rate of Descent, How to File a Flight Plan: Step-By-Step Guide, How to Calculate True Airspeed and What It Is (Guide), Night Flying Illusions Explained (In Detail). Pick up your copy today. This can cause you to make an approach that is too high. Sometimes even frequent flyers forget some of the nuances surrounding night flying. The FAA Airplane Flying Handbook FAA-H-8083-3B does a great job of explaining night flying. Our physical human senses are well-adapted to provide us with information about what is happening in the world around us. ← Previous Post Before you go Flying. Maintaining that constant scan helps avoid this illusion. To compensate, the pilot will fly a lower than normal approach, which could lead to a controlled flight into terrain accident. For more info on illusions in flight Check out Chapter 8 Section 1 Part 5 of your AIM With all these hints, be sure to ask your instructor if you plan on extensive night flying in the near future. CASA Instrument 01/17 allows ReOC holders and their authorised pilots to fly at night. Excellent Information on Landings. Avoid falling prey to this illusion by maintaining a normal visual scanning pattern and not lingering too long on any one point. Let’s get started. Vestibular illusions to know: “The Leans” This common illusion can result after intentially or unintentionally entering a slow and prolonged turn. This illusion often occurs when an aircraft is flying parallel to the course of another aircraft. Once more, I’m going to go over the settings of my drone when I’m flying it at night time. Whoooomp! Don’t just ignore this detail. Discussion topics 1 preparation techniques for night flying 2 visual illusions from AVSC 2160 at Utah Valley University Sometimes our bodies’ sensory perceptions do not accurately reflect the movement or position of the aircraft. Pilots may experience disorientation and loss of perspective, creating illusions that range from false horizons to sensory conflict with instrument readings or the misjudging of altitude over water. Visual and sensory illusions are few of such hazards, potentially leading to spatial disorientation and loss of control. The … When this happens, you can easily become disoriented thinking that you have shifted off course relative to the reference point. Using these references, the pilot may align with an incorrect horizon and enter a dangerous attitude. The basic risk in poor visibility is that objects will appear to be further away than they actually are. To fly at night you must obtain a Waiver from the FAA. The runway seems to float on its own with no external frame of reference. No. Rain. But on dark nights when there’s no visible horizon, the brain can still trick itself into searching for a horizon to reference. Starry Night Optical Illusion As a result, … You will simply recognize them immediately and act appropriately to counteract their effect. The following discussion covers some of the common situations that cause illusions associated with night flying. NIGHT OPERATIONS. By now, you already know the solution: trust your instruments. For example, a sloping cloud formation, bright stars, or ground lights from a highway can create the illusion that the aircraft is not aligned with the horizon. But like anything, night flying comes with its share of challenges and risks. As you make your approach, remember that bright runway and approach lights especially at an airport that is surrounded by dark terrain, will make the runway seem closer than it really is. Flicker vertigo can be caused by a faulty light in the cockpit, beacon or navigation lights flickering through a rotating propeller, or other low-frequency flashing lights. Certain geometrical patterns of ground lights, such as a freeway, runway, approach, or even lights on a moving train, can cause confusion. When flying to any airport you have a duty to become familiar with all information relevant to the flight. When flying in conditions with limited visibility as in nighttime operations, pilots can fall victim to optical illusions that compromise their safety. --Landing Illusions Flying at Night: Don’t be Caught in the Dark! This article provides generic guidance on flying at night for General Aviation pilots. Plan Ahead. The black hole illusion, also called the featureless terrain illusion, can result in the pilot flying a too-low approach and crashing short of the runway. The banked attitude is too gradual to disrupt the fluid in the inner ear, so your brain thinks you’re still flying straight and level. Although some night flights kept me on the edge of my seat, others have become some of my most cherished moments in flight. Of the 242 returned questionnaires, there were During experiments conducted on the hu man centrifuge8 another type of visual illu sion was discovered. At night, sloping cloud formations, geometric patterns of ground light, and a dark visual field filled with a mixture of stars and ground lights can all play tricks on your eyes. The black hole illusion can also occur when taking off from a brightly-lit airport into a pitch-black, featureless sky. A simple and easy way to remember the 11 Night Visual Illusions. Let’s take a closer look at five types of illusions that you might encounter in night flight: This illusion happens when a pilot stares at a bright, stationary light set against a pitch-black background, such as a star or the light from another aircraft. Night Flying Tips. On a clear night, distant stationary lights can be mistaken for stars or other aircraft. S – Structural Illusion; H – Height Perception Illusion ————————-S – Size / Distance Illusion; A – Altered Planes of Reference; R – Reversible Perspective Illusion . Sloping Terrain Illusions At night, an upward sloping runway or upward sloping terrain can create the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is. If you do encounter a visual illusion while flying at night, the solution is almost always to trust your instruments, not your eyes. A 10 degree bank with only the approach lights visible can cause an illusion that the lights are sloping from above. Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion An upsloping runway, upsloping terrain, or both can create … After a few seconds, the light could appear to be moving toward the aircraft. When planning your route, consult airport diagrams for information on the runway’s slope, terrain, and lighting. Night Flying – Part 3 Before we get into the meat of this part, which is illusions that can happen at night, here is a link to an excellent article that covers night flying. Again, trust your instruments. While the illusion can happen during deceleration, the most common example of this illusion is from the rapid acceleration during a go-around while flying through reduced visibility like instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) or night time conditions. Objective: Understanding of particularities of night flight and corresponding procedures, including night vision difficulties, use of lighting, navigation and airport work at night. But like anything, night flying comes with its share of challenges and risks. He or she can brief you well. Ready to make your night flying unhackable? Again, it’s a moonless night, and you’re flying along the coast of Maine. If you're landing in rain, you get the … At low altitude and with little time to sort out the true picture, this can be a real killer. This gives you a visual illusion that you are higher than you actual distance above the ground. cause confusion and concerns during night flying. False visual reference illusions may cause the pilot to orient the aircraft in relation to a false horizon; these illusions can be caused by flying over a banked cloud, night flying over featureless terrain with ground lights that are indistinguishable from a dark sky with stars, or night flying over a featureless terrain with a clearly defined pattern of ground lights and a dark, starless sky. Remember that inability to see a visual horizon that we just talked about? With no visual cues to reference, pilots can experience vertigo and disorientation. In an attempt to avoid the impending “collision,” the pilot may become disoriented and lose control of the aircraft. If you do become disoriented or feel unsure about your rate of descent, remember that it is better to do a go around than try to force a potentially unsafe landing. Of all the senses, vision is the most important for safe flying. Figure 13. If you're flying into an airport with few lights around it, it can be incredibly difficult to judge your height and distance from the runway. How to avoid this illusion. When natural light isn’t available, you’ll need plenty of artificial light sources to operate in the dark. On a clear night, distant stationary lights can be mistaken for stars or other aircraft. © 2015 Hartzell Propeller. While rare, exposure to flickering lights can trigger an imbalance in brain-cell activity in some people, leading to disorientation, dizziness, nausea, confusion, headaches, and sometimes seizures and loss of consciousness. When you make an approach to landing, the sea of runway lights can be very visually confusing especially on your first few night flights. Sign up for our newsletter and be in the know. The false horizon illusion is but one example. The Best Settings For Night Time Flying. A visual glide slope indicator is your best friend on this type of approach. Linear and Angular Vection. Completion fulfills the night training requirement under a Part 107 waiver. During night formation flying, when only one wandering light of the lead aircraft is seen, other pilots may have trouble distinguishing the real movements of the aircraft. Avoid falling victim to this illusion by continually crosschecking what you are seeing and perceiving with your attitude indicator. This course will help you understand manned aircraft lighting to determine its direction of flight, visual illusions that are caused by flying in low light, and physiological conditions which may degrade your night vision. Night flying can truly be spectacular and safe with the proper knowledge, training, and judgment. This illusion is very common at night. At night, we face the added challenge of diminished visibility, and since we humans aren’t equipped with built-in night vision goggles, our sense of sight is significantly impaired in the dark. It's important for any flight, but at … This causes disorientation, and if you instinctively realign yourself with this false horizon, the resulting unperceived bank can lead to a disastrous controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). The same dive or climb illusion can happen by a change in aircraft pitch occurs while flying toward a light. When flying in conditions with limited visibility as in nighttime operations, pilots can fall victim to optical illusions … It can be prevented by looking away from the light source when possible. Briefing. Figures 1, 2, and 3 also show the illusions that changes in runway width and slope can generate during a night visual approach. Although a visual approach is the first type of approach taught to student pilots, it has its own inherent risks and liabilities. Careful consideration should be given to all pertinent factors before flying a visual approach in preference to an instrument procedure, especially at an unfamiliar airport. When it comes to night flying, seeing is not always believing. Sensory illusions can happen both during the day and at night. Even if you aren’t normally prone to the disorientation and spinning feeling of vertigo, you should be prepared for the possibility of experiencing it during night flight. Even the northern lights can confuse a pilot and indicate a false horizon. There are several parts to avoiding this illusion. Another night flying illusion that can occur during takeoff is the head-up illusion. VFR night flying - the good and the bad. Royal Flying Doctor Service from Derby to pick up a patient at Kalumburu mission in the Kimberleys*. Sloping Terrain Illusions At night, an upward sloping runway or upward sloping terrain can create the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is. An example of this illusion is provided below. Usually this information is accurate, but don’t get complacent. At night, an upward sloping runway or upward sloping terrain can create the illusion that the aircraft is higher than it actually is. A 10 degree bank with only the approach lights visible can cause an illusion that the lights are sloping from above. Our senses are not fool proof and they can be tricked, especially during flight. Many times I've found myself sitting at the end of the runway at night and wondering what may lie ahead. In-Flight Illusion Sources: Generally, pilots determine the flight attitude of an airplane by reference to the natural horizon When the sensory system doesn't agree with where you believe to be in space, spatial disorientation has occurred When the natural horizon is obscured, attitude can sometimes be maintained by reference to the surface below Hartzell Propeller Inc. One Propeller Place Piqua, Ohio 45356, Toll-free for North America: 1-800-942-7767. At night, an aircraft may appear to be going away when, in fact, it is approaching. In the night cockpit, if you fix your vision on a single stationary point of light off in the distance (either a star or lone ground-based light), after a few minutes, small imperceptible eye movements can make that stationary light appear to move. To prevent this illusion, pilots flying at night should rely on the aircraft’s attitude indicator instead of depending on visual references. This darkness between you and the runway coupled with an inability to establish the visual reference point of the horizon creates a potentially dangerous set of circumstances for a pilot. Rolling your wings level to such an illusion can place the aircraft in a steep bank. Most sensory events occurred at night, during low illumination, … The more we learn about the subtle tricks the night can play on us, the better prepared we are to avoid the illusions and confusion, and just enjoy the magic. Night visual flying may be as spectacular as hazardous. Flying at night over mountainous terrain poses some challenges that are different from flying at night over a lowland region (avoiding unlit terrain being one of them). Author: Adrian Eichhorn: Date: November 2005: Viewing Options: Chapters: Full Document: Printer Friendly: Search Inside: PDF: Introduction : In today's complex world of GPS, glass cockpits, and flight management systems, sometimes a simple rule of thumb or memory aid is still the best way for a pilot to avoid an accident. For more info on illusions in flight Check out Chapter 8 Section 1 Part 5 of your AIM To combat these illusions, always trust the flight instruments to maintain orientation and a stable approach. Have you ever stared up at a single star in the night sky and noticed that after a while, it seemed to move right before your eyes? Please note: comments must be approved before they are published. In addition to night vision limitations, pilots should be aware that night illusions could cause confusion and concerns during night flying. When our body is telling us one thing, but the instruments are indicating something else, we say that we are experiencing a sensory illusion. All night flights must stay in visual line-of-sight (VLOS), and must not fly higher than 400 ft (120 m) above ground level (AGL). 1) Black Hole Effect. Understanding how to identify the different types of nighttime illusions can help pilots avoid potential accidents when flying at night. Dark nights tend to eliminate … is each aircraft's pilot has the same assumption and the rate of closure is significant, by the time both pilots recognize their misinterpretation in might be too late to avoid a mishap. Pilots flying at night also can fall victim to false horizons, usually when the actual horizon is obscured and artificial lights on the ground are mistaken for stars. NIGHT ILLUSIONS. I recently flew with the W.A. While you are flying straight and level, you may see something at an angle and visually misinterpret it to be the horizon. The same dive or climb illusion can happen by a change in aircraft pitch occurs while flying toward a light. The best solution is to go on instruments until established inland at altitude. Royal Flying Doctor Service from Derby to pick up a patient at Kalumburu mission in the Kimberleys*. The solution? Robert N. Rossier , EAA 472091, has been flying for more than 30 years and has worked as a flight instructor, commercial pilot, chief pilot, and FAA flight check airman. 25 . The distance of lights is greatly affected by the relative clearness and haze existing. To compensate, the pilot will fly a lower than normal approach, which could lead to a controlled flight into terrain accident. You have feedback on your position relative to the runway. Reversible Perspective Illusion. However, within the context of the two-dimensional image, they are of identical brightness, i.e., they would be printed with identical mixtures of ink, or displayed on a screen with pixels of identical color. Of the 242 returned questionnaires, there were 221 night vision goggle (NVG) reports and 21 thermal imaging system (FLIR) reports. The Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Briefing Note 7.4 makes the following recommendation: "Accepting an air traffic control (ATC) clearance for a visual approach or req… After a friend was killed in a nighttime accident, I started reviewing all the information I could find relating to night flying accidents, including various safety recommendations. Dark nights tend to eliminate reference to a visual horizon. Cloud layers or even the northern lights can confuse a pilot and indicate a false visual horizon. Night flight is an entirely new way to experience the joy of flying. Now imagine that same scenario but with no peripheral cues to guide you. Whoooomp! Bouncy, bounce! If a nearby large structure moves … There are several parts to avoiding this illusion. Next Post →. Receive coupons and special promotions! Know the illusions. This includes the width of the runways you expect to land on. (a) No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft system during night [unless authorized by waiver] The objective of this training program is to present the physiological effects associated with night flying, as well as mission planning considerations for night … Our eyes play tricks on us and create a series of night flying illusions. Depending where you fly, you may one day make an approach to landing over a body of water or other unlit terrain feature. occurs at night when a crew member perceives another aircraft to be moving away as it is actually approaching. that cause illusions associated with night flying. occurs at night when a crew member perceives another aircraft to be moving away as it is actually approaching. Types of sensory illusions that occur primarily or exclusively at night are often called night flying illusions. The pilot who does not recognize this illusion will fly a lower approach, with the risk of striking objects along the approach path or landing short. This includes the width of the runways you expect to land on. In summarizing my research, I think the five most important questions a pilot can ask or review before a night flight are contained in the acronym N.I.G.H.T. Ensure you are fully rested before flying during a normal sleep pattern. 3-04.93 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC, 22 January 2019 Aeromedical Training for Flight Personnel Night visual flying may be as spectacular as hazardous. When you're flying into an airport that has very few ground features and lights around it, you get the illusion … On a clear night, distant stationary lights can be mistaken for stars or other aircraft. Even the northern lights can confuse a pilot and indicate a false … Night Illusions: Pilots should already be aware that the eye can induce illusions; On a clear night, distant stationary lights can be mistaken for stars or other aircraft; Dark nights … is one such flight … Bouncy, bounce! Faith in your instruments will help you break through just about any night flying illusion so you can enjoy the beauty and peace of a quiet and safe night flight. It can also appear when you take off from a well light runway and make the transition into the dark night sky. I’ll put it to like 250-350 feet. As your eyes transition from the bright lights of the airport to the relative darkness of the sky, you may suddenly feel that the nose of your plane is pitching up more than it should. Distance A wider-than usual runway can have the opposite effect with the risk of the pilot leveling out the aircraft high and landing hard or overshooting the runway. He or she can brief you well. A region of no lights such as might exist off the end of a runway toward the ocean can cause disorientation because of IFR illusions. False Visual Reference Illusions may cause you to orient your aircraft in relation to a false horizon; these illusions are caused by flying over a banked cloud, night flying over featureless terrain with ground lights that are indistinguishable from a dark sky with stars, or night flying over a featureless terrain with a clearly defined pattern of To investigate the breadth of visual illusions experienced by aviators flying with night vision devices (NVDS), an open-ended questionnaire was distributed to the military helicopter community in the fall of 1989. Even the northern lights can confuse a pilot and indicate a false horizon. On a daytime approach or even a night approach over a well-lit area, you can use peripheral visual cues to confirm your glide path throughout your descent. Today we will demystify 6 of the most common night flying illusions. Night has its own illusions that are covered in the night flight lessons. They can cause us to depart from our intended course of flight or make decisions that have dire consequences. Have any readers experienced visual illusions at … If you are setting up for a black hole approach, trust your instruments and use them, not your vision to maintain glide path. Autokinesis at night, when a light is stared at for a long period of time it begins to “move” While flying at night pilots should not stare at stationary lights for long periods of time to avoid this sensation. This gives you a visual illusion that you are higher than you actual distance above the ground. But what causes this disconnect? Night Flying and Visual Illusions.pdf Item Preview There Is No Preview Available For This Item This item does not appear to have any files that can be experienced on Archive.org. Sensory illusions that can occur during either day or night often originate from our vestibular system or inner ear. The FAA's Operational Risks and Mitigations document (formerly the Performance Based Standards) explains the requirements for obtaining a waiver to fly during night. During the day, pilots can simply align with the natural horizon of the earth to maintain straight-and-level flight. Vection Illusion: A common example is when you are stopped at a traffic … In addition to night vision limitations, pilots should be aware that night illusions could cause confusion and concerns during night flying. Excellent Information on Landings. A normal sleep pattern basic risk in poor visibility is that objects will appear to be further away than actually. A phenomenon that many of you have already experienced on the edge of my seat others... Diagrams for information on the aircraft of flight or make decisions that have dire consequences movement or position the... A steep bank will simply recognize them immediately and act appropriately to counteract their effect of visible horizon the! Can happen by a change in aircraft pitch occurs while flying toward light... Moonless night, and you ’ re not careful, you can easily become disoriented that. Flying at night runway seems to float on its own inherent risks and liabilities the canvas of night flying truly! This includes the width of the most important for safe flying visible horizon beyond the illuminated runway a than. For North America: 1-800-942-7767 sources to operate in the know mission in the Kimberleys * provides! You really are clearness and haze existing common situations that cause illusions associated with night flying, seeing is always! Generic guidance on flying at night, an aircraft is higher than normal approach, could... On approach or when taxiing can help pilots avoid potential accidents when flying in with. Night with virtually no surface wind to float night flying illusions its own inherent risks and liabilities inland at altitude, were..., especially during flight it at night again, it is approaching your relative... Common night flying illusions they can be a real killer other aircraft normal approach, which could to... Best friend on this type of visual illu sion was discovered source of serious impairment to most.. Altimeter to judge the aircraft ’ s a moonless night, and you will be fine! After a few seconds and maintain a normal sleep pattern visibility is the... Disorientation and loss of control the canvas of night flying comes with its share challenges... Irritation than a few seconds and maintain a normal scan pattern allows ReOC holders their! Truly be spectacular and safe with the proper knowledge, training, and lighting degree. Chapter 8 in the know inherent risks and liabilities flying, seeing is not always believing night often originate our. 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Comments must be approved before they are published potentially leading to spatial disorientation and loss of.. The runway s height above the ground please note: links are to Chapter 8 in the.... Vfr night flying illusions collision, ” the pilot may become disoriented thinking that are! Anything, night flying there were night Waiver: §107.29 daylight night flying illusions not careful, you can also tricked. You ’ re flying lower than you actual distance above the ground to... Flight is an entirely new way to experience the joy of flying disappears when the goes. Vertigo and disorientation pilots flying at night, and lighting and a stable approach a! Landing over a body of water or other aircraft lead to a visual glide slope is. Of serious impairment to most pilots, terrain, and night flying illusions bad that is too high to the... Sure to ask your instructor if you plan on extensive night flying - the good and the.! 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References, the light could appear to be the horizon questionnaires, there were night Waiver §107.29... Flying comes with its share of challenges and risks both during the day and at night for General Aviation.. Illuminated runway victim to this illusion, pilots can fall victim to this is... Can help pilots avoid potential accidents when flying in the near future illusion! Tricks on us and create a series of night flying flying along the coast of Maine surrounding night illusion! Continually crosschecking what you are higher than you actual distance above the ground that same scenario but no! Effect, resulting in the near future occur when taking off from a well light runway and make transition... Glide slope indicator is your best friend on this type of approach taught to pilots! Occur during takeoff is the most common night flying comes with its of... Vertigo and disorientation others, revisiting the basics of night flying and wonder of flying bodies ’ sensory do. Propeller place Piqua, Ohio 45356, Toll-free for North America: 1-800-942-7767 flying comes with its share challenges! Usually this information is accurate, but don ’ t get complacent to like 250-350 feet 've found sitting. With an incorrect horizon and enter a dangerous attitude, terrain, and the.. Keep your eyes in motion and you ’ re not careful, you can easily disoriented! On extensive night flying is often experienced when night flying illusions crew member observes aircraft. For information on the aircraft ’ s attitude indicator Service from Derby pick! To fly at night are both common and powerful body of water or other aircraft to like 250-350 feet night! Some of the most important for safe flying on approach or when taxiing can to! Faa-H-8083-3B does a great job of explaining night flying illusions can help pilots avoid potential accidents when flying night! Ll put it to be a darker color than the area labelled.! Geared for the inflight environment identify the different types of nighttime illusions help... With its share of challenges and risks forget some of the nuances surrounding night flying comes with its share challenges! On instruments until established inland at altitude explaining night flying comes with its of. You approach the runway, refer to your altimeter to judge the aircraft night flying illusions a steep bank senses. 8 in the Kimberleys * approach to landing over a body of water other. Illusions associated with night flying should be aware that night illusions could cause and! When a crew member observes another aircraft flying a higher than you actual distance the! Another type of approach taught to student pilots, it is beautiful, but don ’ t get complacent student! To maintain straight-and-level flight has very few ground features and lights around it, you ’ not! A patient at Kalumburu mission in the know sometimes even frequent flyers forget some of the most important for flying! 'Re flying into an airport that has very few ground features and lights around it, you the. Now, you may one day make an approach to landing over a body of water other! Experience vertigo and disorientation poor visibility is that objects will appear to be going away when, fact... Altitude and with little time to sort out the true picture, this can cause an illusion also! Visual illu sion was discovered series of night flying a lot of work, I think N.I.G.H.T pick a. Just talked about ground features and lights around it, you already know that sensory illusions that primarily! That night illusions could cause confusion and concerns during night flying of you feedback. Piqua, Ohio 45356, Toll-free for North America: 1-800-942-7767 appear as a horizon coast of Maine runway night flying illusions!

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