is spain in europe

Spain joined the European Union, experiencing a cultural renaissance and steady economic growth until the beginning of the 21st century, that started a new globalised world with economic and ecological challenges. Their Commander-in-chief is the King of Spain, Felipe VI. A global empire began which saw Spain become the strongest kingdom in Europe, the leading world power for one and a half centuries, and the largest overseas empire for three centuries. [147], According to Amnesty International (AI), government investigations of alleged police abuses are often lengthy and punishments were light. The example of the Roman emperors influenced the political objective of the Crown, while the nobles benefited from feudalism. After the birth rate plunged in the 1980s and Spain's population growth rate dropped, the population again trended upward initially upon the return of many Spaniards who had emigrated to other European countries during the 1970s, and more recently, fuelled by large numbers of immigrants who make up 12% of the population. The Canary (Canarias) Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean off the northwestern African mainland, and the Balearic (Baleares) Islands, in the Mediterranean, also are parts of Spain, as are Ceuta and Melilla, two small enclaves in North Africa (northern Morocco) that Spain has ruled for centuries. While the Rock and city were ceded by the Treaty of Utrecht, Spain asserts that the "occupation of the isthmus is illegal and against the principles of International Law". Europe's vaccination campaign has been hit by delays and the number of infections is rising in many countries. The constitution also establishes that "the other Spanish languages"—that is, the other languages of Spain—will also be official in their respective autonomous communities in accordance to their Statutes, their organic regional legislations, and that the "richness of the distinct linguistic modalities of Spain represents a patrimony which will be the object of special respect and protection."[243]. [145], The Spanish Constitution of 1978 "protect all Spaniards and all the peoples of Spain in the exercise of human rights, their cultures and traditions, languages and institutions". Two big revolts broke out during the early reign of the Habsburg emperor, Charles V: the Revolt of the Comuneros in the Crown of Castile and Revolt of the Brotherhoods in the Crown of Aragon. The break-up of Al-Andalus into the competing taifa kingdoms helped the long embattled Iberian Christian kingdoms gain the initiative. With the approval of the new Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the restoration of democracy, the State devolved much authority to the regions and created an internal organisation based on autonomous communities. Their origin is unclear. In 1879, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is founded. Over the next seven centuries, an intermittent southward expansion of these kingdoms—metahistorically framed as a reconquest, or Reconquista—culminated with the Christian seizure of the last Muslim polity, the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, in 1492. The arrival of the gitanos, a Romani people, began in the 16th century; estimates of the Spanish Roma population range from 750,000 to over one million. [98], In 2002 the Prestige oil spill occurred with big ecological consequences along Spain's Atlantic coastline. Relief on the nearly horizontal sedimentary strata of the Ebro depression is mostly plain or plateau, except at the eastern end where the Ebro River penetrates the mountains to reach the Mediterranean Sea. Increased attention to livestock was the reason that Spain became a net importer of grains. Several cities were founded along the coast by Phoenicians, and trading outposts and colonies were established by Greeks in the East. In the anarcho-sindicalist trend of the labour movement in Spain, Confederación Nacional del Trabajo was founded in 1910 and Federación Anarquista Ibérica in 1927. The Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) is the leading public agency dedicated to scientific research in the country. The Islamic transmission of the classics is the main Islamic contributions to Medieval Europe. [citation needed], In the first half of the 20th century among the most prominent philosophers were Maria Zambrano, José Ortega y Gasset,[citation needed] and Miguel de Unamuno. This was an Age of Discovery, with daring explorations by sea and by land, the opening-up of new trade routes across oceans, conquests and the beginnings of European colonialism. Also, the lightly cured lacón ham. On 30 May 1982 Spain joined NATO, followed by a referendum after a strong social opposition. comarca) and the vegueries (sing. - But you were born in Spain. Spain is a parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy with a head of government - the prime minister - and a head of state - the monarch. These gave a resounding victory to the Republican-Socialist candidacies in large cities and provincial capitals, with a majority of monarchist councilors in rural areas. [176] The headquarters of the World Tourism Organization are located in Madrid. Preámbulo", "Analysis of 8 years of Gender Violence Law in Spain | Gender violence and justice", "The successes and failures of Spain's fight against domestic abuse", Chapter 3. In the 19th and 20th centuries, science in Spain was held back by severe political instability and consequent economic underdevelopment. [208] The estimate between 1492 and 1832 is 1.86 million. Its policy emphasises the concept of an Ibero-American community, essentially the renewal of the concept of "Hispanidad" or "Hispanismo", as it is often referred to in English, which has sought to link the Iberian Peninsula with Hispanic America through language, commerce, history and culture. Rosa Chacel, Gloria Fuertes, Jaime Gil de Biedma, Juan Goytisolo, Carmen Martín Gaite, Ana María Matute, Juan Marsé, Blas de Otero, Gabriel Celaya, Antonio Gamoneda, Rafael Sánchez Ferlosio or Ignacio Aldecoa. [23] The royal line of Aragon became extinct with Martin the Humane, and the Compromise of Caspe gave the Crown to the House of Trastámara, already reigning in Castile. In fact, Spain was Europe's largest absorber of migrants from 2002 to 2007, with its immigrant population more than doubling as 2.5 million people arrived. [125] After a national referendum on 6 December 1978, 88% of voters approved of the new constitution – a culmination of the Spanish transition to democracy. The Pyrenees run across the neck of the peninsula and form Spain’s border with France. Franco's rule was also characterised by authoritarianism, promotion of a unitary national identity, National Catholicism, and discriminatory language policies. Mario Camus and Pilar Miró worked together in Curro Jiménez. This changed in 1955, during the Cold War period, when it became strategically important for the US to establish a military presence on the Iberian Peninsula as a counter to any possible move by the Soviet Union into the Mediterranean basin. Political corruption and repression weakened the democratic system of the constitutional monarchy of a two-parties system. Andalusia also took that denomination in its first Statute of Autonomy, even though it followed the longer process stipulated in the constitution for the rest of the country. The expansion of the empire caused immense upheaval in the Americas as the collapse of societies and empires and new diseases from Europe devastated American indigenous populations. The vast imports of silver also made local manufactures uncompetitive and ultimately made Spain overly dependent on foreign sources of raw materials and manufactured goods. There was then an extraordinary flowering of the Gothic style that resulted in numerous instances being built throughout the entire territory. St. Hermengild, the king's son, putting himself at the head of the Catholics, was defeated and taken prisoner, and suffered martyrdom for rejecting communion with the Arians. Spain is organisationally structured as a so-called Estado de las Autonomías ("State of Autonomies"); it is one of the most decentralised countries in Europe, along with Switzerland, Germany and Belgium;[130] for example, all autonomous communities have their own elected parliaments, governments, public administrations, budgets, and resources. 14 Spanish Society and Economics in the Imperial Age", "A Country Study: Spain – Spain in Decline", "Caciquismo y mundo rural durante la Restauración", "Relatives of Spaniards who fled Franco granted citizenship", "US to clean up Spanish radioactive site 49 years after plane crash", "El contubernio que preparó la democracia", "Speech by Mrs Nicole FONTAINE, President of the European Parliament on the occasion of the presentation of the Sakharov Prize 2000 to Basta ya! Agricultural production increased with the introduction of irrigation projects, some of which remain in use. Due to historical, geographical and generational diversity, Spanish art has known a great number of influences. [264], The recent waves of immigration have also led to an increasing number of Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs and Muslims. [192][193] As of 2019, Spain has a total of over 3,400 km (2,112.66 mi) of high-speed tracks[194] linking Málaga, Seville, Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Valladolid, with the trains operated at commercial speeds up to 310 km/h (190 mph). Several Christian kingdoms emerged in the northern periphery of Iberia, chief among them León, Castile, Aragon, Portugal and Navarre. Ascension into the European Union in 1986 was a jump-start to the modernization of Spain’s infrastructure, industry and economic policy. [111][112] Later that day the Senate granted the power to impose direct rule and Mr Rajoy dissolved the Catalan parliament and called a new election. The best known cuisine of the northern countries often rely on ocean seafood, as in the Basque-style cod, albacore or anchovy or the Galician octopus-based polbo á feira and shellfish dishes. An influential style centred in Barcelona, known as modernisme, produced a number of important architects, of which Gaudí is one. The existence of both the provinces and the municipalities is guaranteed and protected by the constitution, not necessarily by the Statutes of Autonomy themselves. Because of the changed diet of an increasingly affluent population, there was a notable increase in the consumption of livestock, poultry, and dairy products. In 1895 and 1896 the Cuban War of Independence and the Philippine Revolution broke out and eventually the United States became involved. Only two communities—the Basque Country and Navarre—have full fiscal autonomy. This is the regime of all the major arteries that drain the Meseta as well as those of the Mediterranean seaboard, such as the Júcar and the Segura: for example, from August to September the Guadiana River usually has less than one-tenth of its average annual flow. 13 The Spanish Empire", "A History of Spain and Portugal; Ch. Roman law and its institutions were the model for the legislators. [85] It met as one body, and its members represented the entire Spanish empire. [50] Around this time the universities of Palencia (1212/1263) and Salamanca (1218/1254) were established. Some of them are known worldwide, and millions of tourits from all over the world go to Spain annually to experience one of these festivals. Spanish cinema has achieved major international success including Oscars for recent films such as Pan's Labyrinth and Volver. The tornaviaje or return route from the Philippines to Mexico made possible the Manila galleon trading route. For other uses, see, Note: most of Spain observes CET/CEST, except the, Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom, The Spanish Constitution does not establish any official name for Spain, even though the terms, The official language of the State is established in the Section 3 of the. Soil erosion resulting from the vegetation degradation suffered by Spain for at least the past 3,000 years has created extensive badlands, reduced soil cover, downstream alluviation, and, more recently, silting of dams and irrigation works. With the government budget in balance and inflation under control Spain was admitted into the Eurozone in 1999. Beginning in the late 15th century, large numbers of Iberian colonists settled in what became Latin America and at present most white Latin Americans (who make up about one-third of Latin America's population) are of Spanish or Portuguese origin. [199] Spain's population density, at 91/km2 (235/sq mi), is lower than that of most Western European countries and its distribution across the country is very unequal. Year 2019", "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2020", "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey", "Spain | Facts, Culture, History, & Points of Interest", "Spanish Military Arrest Four Moroccans after they Tried to Hoist Moroccan Flag in Badis Island", "572 millones de personas hablan español, cinco millones más que hace un año, y aumentarán a 754 millones a mediados de siglo", "La Constitución española de 1978. The highest peaks, formed from a core of ancient crystalline rocks, are found in the central Pyrenees—notably Aneto Peak at 11,168 feet (3,404 metres)—but those of the west, including Anie Peak at 8,213 feet (2,503 metres), are not much lower. Spain, country located in extreme southwestern Europe. Around 240,000 Spaniards emigrated in the 16th century, mostly to Mexico. In Catalonia, the Basque Country, Navarre and the Canary Islands, a full-fledged autonomous police corps replaces some of the State police functions (see Mossos d'Esquadra, Ertzaintza, Policía Foral/Foruzaingoa and Policía Canaria). Beyond fiscal autonomy, the nationalities—Andalusia, the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Galicia—were devolved more powers than the rest of the communities, among them the ability of the regional president to dissolve the parliament and call for elections at any time. Was restored in the Philippines why Spain is located in the south-western part of.... The Defence Staff ( Estado Mayor de La Barca or Tirso de Molina Tirant lo Blanch written in this are. Colonies, especially during the reign of Ordoño I of Asturias along the coast, the only non-Romance in... And Pilar Miró worked together in Curro Jiménez is about the Savage Islands, where Attila was.... Groups originated in Spain are hydroelectric, biomass and marine ( 2 plants. 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